I/O is the means by which a computer exchanges information with the outside world.
[29] Devices that provide input or output to the computer are called
peripherals.
[30] On a typical
personal computer, peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and
mouse, and output devices such as the
display and
printer.
Hard disk drives,
floppy disk drives and
optical disc drives serve as both input and output devices.
Computer networking is another form of I/O.
Often, I/O devices are complex computers in their own right with their own CPU and memory. A
graphics processing unit might contain fifty or more tiny computers that perform the calculations necessary to display
3D graphics[citation needed]. Modern
desktop computers contain many smaller computers that assist the main CPU in performing I/O.
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